TEENEGERS

Teenagers are young or start up (Smart Dictionary Indonesian, Ahmad & Santoso, 1996). Adolescent is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood. Teen age limit varies according to local socio-cultural (www.bkkbn.go.id, 2005).
Teenagers are the age of transition, an individual has left the age of the child who is weak and full dependence, but have not been able to age a strong and responsible, both to themselves and society. The more advanced societies teens getting longer because he must prepare to adapt themselves to the community that many of the requirements and demands.

Teenagers in experiencing the changes going through physical changes, emotional changes and social change. What is meant by physical changes at puberty is over, the physical growth is still far from perfect and will be fully complete by the end of early adolescence.
Emotional changes during adolescence when looking from the emotional tension and stress, but the stability of adolescent experience from time to time as a consequence of the adjustment effort in the new behavior patterns and new social expectations. While social changes in adolescence is one of the developmental tasks of adolescence is the most difficult, is associated with social adjustment in these social changes, adolescents must adjust to the opposite sex in a relationship that did not previously exist and must adjust to adults outside the family and schools.
Feature of female adolescents in children is usually characterized by the body that have changes from time to time since birth. Quite striking changes occurred when the teenager entered the age of 9-15 years, at which time they not only become higher body and great, but there are also changes in the body that allows to reproduce or descent. Changes from childhood into adulthood, or often known as puberty is marked by the arrival of menstruation in girls. First menstruation is not the same in every person. Many factors that cause these differences one of which is due to nutrition. We have a daughter who got the first menstruation at the age of 8-9 years. But in general is around 12 years. Adolescent girls, prior periods will be very sensitive, emotional, and anxious for no apparent reason (www.bkkbn.go.id.2005).


In 1974, the WHO provides a definition of youth is more conceptual. In the proposed definition of the 3 criteria of biological, psychological and economic sasial. Teenagers is a period in which:
1) individual evolved from when he first showed signs of secondary sexual until he reaches sexual maturity.
2) Individuals experiencing psychological development and the identification of patterns of childhood to adulthood.
3) There was a transitional socio-economic dependence on the full to the relatively independent.

Judging from the WHO health set the age limit 10-20 years as adolescents age limit. Furthermore, although the WHO said the above definition is based on the fertility age women, these restrictions apply also to young men and WHO over the age divide in 2 parts of early adolescents and teenagers 10-14 years old 15-20 years late.
While the definition of youth to the people of Indonesia is using the 11-24 years age limit and not married by the following considerations:
1) Age 11 years is the age where most sexual signs began to appear secondary (physical criteria).
2) In many societies Indonesia; age considered legally-back, either by custom or religion, so that people do not, longer treat them as child-child ¬ (social criteria).
3) At the beginning there are signs of improving growth, achievement of the soul as self-identity (ego identity), the achievement of the genital phase of psychosexual development and the achievement of peak cognitive and moral development (psychological criteria).
4) Minimum age of 24 years is the maximum limit is to provide opportunities for those who reached the age limit is still dependent upon parents.
5) In the above definition, marital status is crucial because the meaning of marriage is still very important in our society as a whole. A person who is already married, at any age are considered and treated as. full adults, both in law and social lives and families. Because here's the definition of Youth special restricted to an unmarried (Sarwono, 2000).

b. The Characteristics of Youth
1) Adolescence as a critical period
Considered an important period because of physical and psychological effect. Physical development is rapid and significant growth accompanied by rapid mental fast, especially in early adolescence. All these developments led to the need for mental adjustment and the need to form the attitudes, values and new interests.
2) Adolescence as a transition period.
In the transitional period, the status of individuals is not clear and there are doubts about the role of the harm done. At this time, youth is no longer a child and not people, adults. Unclear status is beneficial because it gave him the status to try a different lifestyle and determine patterns of behavior, values and nature of the most suitable for him.
3) Adolescence as a period of change.
There are five changes experienced by teenagers are:
 First, the heightened emotions.
 Second, interest perybahan body and the role expected by social groups.
 Third, teenagers always felt ditimbuni many problems.
 Fourth, by changing the pattern of interests and values changed.
 Fifth, some teens to be ambivalent to the change.
4) The age of youth as problematic.
There are two things that cause difficulties to overcome problems both men and women, namely;
 First, throughout childhood, children's problems in part completed by parents and teachers, so many young inexperienced to tackle the problem.
 Second, because the youth feel themselves independent, so they want merigatasi own problem, refusing help from parents and teachers.
5) Adolescence as a time for identity.
Namely the search for identity as an attempt to explain who he was, what its role in society.
6) Adolescence as a time for identity
Streotipe cultural assumption that teenagers are children who are not neat, which can not be trusted and tends to corrupt and destructive behavior, causing adults to guide and oversee the life of teenager
7) Adolescence as a period that is not realistic.
Teenagers see themselves and others as he wants the danbukan bagimana, especially in terms of ideals.
8) The adolescent as the threshold of adulthood.
With the approach of the legal age of maturity, the teens become anxious to leave streotipe teens and to give the impression that they are nearly grown.


Monks in http:/www.usu_respiratory (2007) also divided into three groups of adolescents aged stage of development, namely:
1) Early Adolescence (Youth Start)
Being in the age range 12 to 15 years. Is negative during this period because there is a negative attitude and character that has not been seen in childhood. Individuals often feel confused; anxiety, fear and anxiety.
2) Middle Adolescence (Ages Teen)
With the age range of 15 to 18 years. At this time individuals wanting or desiring something and looking for something. Feeling lonely and felt unable rnengerti and not understood by others. At age range IRRI fisiik changes take effect change in adolescent self-esteem than it often appears the concern for the physical changes of adolescents themselves.
3) Late Adolescence
Ranging in age 18 to 21 years. At this time the individual began to feel stable. Getting to know him, began to understand the life and realize her destiny. Has a certain position based on a clear pattern of life.

c. Youth development
Adolescence is marked by the occurrence of various processes of global development that includes both physical and spiritual development. Physical development seen from the changes your body shape from small to large, while the spiritual look of the emotions, attitudes and intellectual.
Development experienced by adolescents are:
1) Physical development: physical development in adolescence leads to the achievement of the forms of adult bodies. Physical development is obvious from the change in height, body shape and development of body muscles.
2) Sexual Development. Sexual development is marked by the emergence of signs of primary and secondary sex:
3) Development of heterosexuals. In adolescence nascent sense of attraction to the opposite sex.
4) Development of emasional. Emotional state during adolescence is not stable.
5) Development of Cognition:
6) The development of self identity: self-identity formation process has started since childhood and reached its peak in adolescence. In general, self-identity is a strong sense of individuality which the individual is not lost in the social role that is played but still lived as a private self (http:/www.usu_respiratory, 2007).